Misconceptions about sample size, statistical significance, and treatment effect

Author(s): Olson, M. R.

Journal/Book: J Psychol. 1997; 131: 1319 Eighteenth St NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802. Heldref Publications. 627-631.

Abstract: Researchers' interpretations of statistical significance relative to sample size were obtained and analyzed. Fifty-two graduate students responded to a 6-question instrument designed to measure interpretations of the relationships between sample size and treatment effect, sample size and Type I error, and sample size and Type II error. Respondents placed more confidence in results of studies with large sample sizes than in results of studies with small sample sizes, regardless of the criterion on which that confidence was based. A discussion of the mathematical procedure for significance testing shows that respondents were not justified in these interpretations. An improved understanding of the relationship between treatment effect, sample size, and errors of statistical inference is suggested.

Note: Article Olson MR, 2900 Sheffield Court, Boise,ID 83702 USA

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