Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec; 9(8): 743-8.

Development of a paw paw herbal shampoo for the removal of head lice.

McCage CM, Ward SM, Paling CA, Fisher DA, Flynn PJ, McLaughlin JL.

Nature's Sunshine Products, Spanish Fork, Utah 84660, USA.

The development and clinical testing of an herbal lice removal shampoo, containing a standardized extract of paw paw, thymol, and tea tree oil, are described. All of these ingredients were selected for their ability to deplete adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and, thus, prevent ATP-dependent pesticide resistance. Optimum concentrations of the ingredients, treatment times, and dosing schedules were established through in vitro tests with head lice. In addition to pilot studies involving 21 participants, a final clinical trial, using the optimum shampoo formulation in 16 participants, demonstrated 100% effectiveness in removing head lice and nits.