Fitoterapia. 2002 Nov; 73 Suppl 1(): S1-6.

Propolis, an old remedy used in modern medicine.

Castaldo S, Capasso F.

Department of I.N.P.S. of Naples, via Medina 63, Naples, Italy.

Propolis is one of the few natural remedies that has maintained its popularity over a long period of time. The pharmacologically active molecules in the propolis are flavonoids and phenolic acids and their esters. These components have multiple effects on bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, propolis and its components have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Moreover, propolis has been shown to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, clinical studies to substantiate these claims are required.