Confronting the confounders: The meaning, detection, and treatment of confounders in research

Author(s): Lin, E., Streiner, D. L.

Journal/Book: Can J Psychiatry. 1999; 44: 260-441 Maclaren St, Ottawa, Ontario K2H 2P3, Canada. Canadian Psychiatric Assoc. 175-179.

Abstract: When one variable is studied to try to explain another, the relationship between them may be biased by a third variable. This bias, known as ''confounding, '' is common and must be minimized in research. This description is deceptively simple, though. Identifying confounding is complex but can be reduced to a stepped procedure, By way of examples, this article describes confounding and how to recognize it.

Note: Article Streiner DL, Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Kunin Lunenfeld Appl Res Unit, 3560 Bathurst St, N York, ON M6A 2E1, CANADA

Keyword(s): confounding; bias; statistics; epidemiologic methods

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