Natural history of behavioural changes and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease

Author(s): Keene, J., Fairburn, C. G., Jacoby, R., McShane, R.

Journal/Book: Brit J Psychiat. 1999; 174: British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London, England SW1X 8Pg. Royal College Of Psychiatrists. 39-44.

Abstract: Background Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia are characterised by numerous psychiatric and behavioural changes. Little is known of their natural history. Aims To investigate the sequence and pattern of these changes throughout the course of dementia. Method One hundred people, initially living at home with carers, entered a prospective, longitudinal study. At four-monthly intervals, behavioural and psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Present Behavioural Examination and Mini-Mental State Examination. Follow-up continued for up to nine years (mean 3.3 years; s, d. 2.4). Patterns of onset and disappearance of these symptoms, their sequence and association with time of death and cognitive decline were analysed. Autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pure Alzheimer's disease in 48 subjects. Data for this subgroup are presented. Results Some changes tend to occur earlier than others but changes can occur at almost any time in the course of dementia. Conclusions The natural history of behaviour changes in Alzheimer's disease shows great individual variation although some changes tend to follow a recognisable sequence. Declaration of interest Project funded by the Medical Research Council. Further funding from Eli Lilly; C. G: F. Supported by the Wellcome Trust.

Note: Article Keene J, Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7JX, ENGLAND

Keyword(s): COGNITIVE DECLINE; DEMENTIA; PREDICTORS; DIAGNOSIS; SCALE

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Natural history of behavioural changes and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease - A longitudinal study