Panic disorder: A theoretical synthesis of medical and psychological approaches

Journal/Book: J Psychosom Res. 1998; 44: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, England OX5 1GB. Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. 121-132.

Abstract: Panic disorder is a common and disabling condition which frequently leads to excessive reliance upon medical facilities. It is also closely associated with the development of agoraphobia. Medical approaches implicate disturbances of ascending brain noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, and support related pharmacotherapies. Contemporary psychological approaches focus upon misinterpretations of bodily sensations and an undue appreciation of the risk of life-threatening illness, and support cognitive/behavioral psychotherapies. A synthesis is possible by developing the view that the implicated ascending aminergic systems normally play a part in ''effortful'' or context-sensitive behavior. A relative failure of this under conditions of heightened arousal might be responsible for the rigid patterns of fear, belief, and behavior that characterize these patients. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Note: Review Middleton HC, Univ Nottingham, Dept Psychiat, Queens Med Ctr, Floor A, S Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, ENGLAND

Keyword(s): panic disorder; cognitive therapy; pharmacotherapy; neurobiology; cognitive psychology; ASCENDING NORADRENERGIC NEURONS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; ATTENTIONAL BIAS; ANXIETY-STATES; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; BODY SENSATIONS; THREAT CUES; FOLLOW-UP; AGORAPHOBIA

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