The effects of imagery-manipulated appraisal on intensity and direction of competitive anxiety

Author(s): Whithouse, A.

Journal/Book: Sport Psychol. 1998; 12: 1607 N Market St, Champaign, IL 61820-2200. Human Kinetics Publ Inc. 40-51.

Abstract: This study attempted to manipulate an athletes facilitative or debilitative appraisal (direction; Jones, 1995) of competitive anxiety through imagery-based interventions in order to study the effects on subsequent anxiety intensity (heart rate and CSAI-2) and direction (CSAI-2D: Jones gr Swain, 1992). In a within-subjects' design, 24 experienced soccer players were relaxed via progressive relaxation audiotape and then randomly underwent an imagery-based video- and audiotaped manipulation of their appraisal of taking a hypothetical game-winning penalty kick under either a ''pressure'' or ''challenge'' appraisal emphasis. There was no significant effect for heart mts. A repeated measures MANOVA for CSAI-2 and CSAI-2D scores revealed that for both intensity and direction scores the challenge condition produced less cognitive anxiety, less somatic anxiety, and more self-confidence (all p<.001) than the pressure situation. This finding suggests that a challenge appraisal manipulation taught by applied sport psychologists might benefit athletes' performance.

Note: Article Hale BD, Staffordshire Univ, Div Sport Hlth & Exercise, Leek Rd, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, Staffs, ENGLAND

Keyword(s): SEMIPROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS; STATE ANXIETY; INTERVENTION STRATEGY; PERFORMANCE; DIMENSIONS

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