Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology

Journal/Book: J Personal Soc Psychol. 1998; 74: 750 First St NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Amer Psychological Assoc. 224-237.

Abstract: Using a process model of emotion, a distinction between antecedent-focused and response-focused emotion regulation is proposed. To test this distinction, 120 participants were shown a disgusting film while their experiential, behavioral, and physiological responses were recorded. Participants were told to either (a) think about the film in such a way that they would feel nothing (reappraisal, a form of antecedent-focused emotion regulation), (b) behave in such a way that someone watching them would not know they were feeling anything (suppression, a form of response-focused emotion regulation), or (c) watch the film (a control condition). Compared with the control condition, both reappraisal and suppression were effective in reducing emotion-expressive behavior. However, reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression increased sympathetic activation. These results suggest that these 2 emotion regulatory processes may have different adaptive consequences.

Note: Review Gross JJ, Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford,CA 94305 USA

Keyword(s): COGNITIVE APPRAISAL; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; STRESS RESPONSES; SELF-REGULATION; IMMUNE FUNCTION; MOOD; PERSONALITY; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH

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