Rhythms of daily consumption of psychoactive substances and chronotype effects

Author(s): Guardia, J., Sierra, J. C., BuelaCasal, G.

Journal/Book: Rev Mex Psicol. 1998; 15: Apartado Postal 22-211, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico. Sociedad Mexicana Psicologia. 131-140.

Abstract: The present work studies the habits and diurnal rhythms of alcohol, nicotine and caffeine (coffee, tea and cola) consumption, and also analyzes differences between chronotype groups (morning, evening and neither-types). A sample of 672 students (242 men/430 women) who answered a self-reported questionnaire of daily substance consumption and by hourly intervals (waking time-12:00 h., 12:00-15:00 h., 15:00-18:00 h., and from 18:00-time to bed). All the substances showed a significant diurnal variation in consumption, although the maximum for stimulating substances depended on the type and modality of ingestion. Generally, the level of consumption was higher in evening-type, lower for morning-type and intermediate for neither-type. The diurnal patterns for ingestion also differed between chronotypes, except for tea. Morning-types showed an advanced in the maximum consumption of alcohol, nicotine and cola (15:00-18:0 h.) when compared to the other groups. Chronotype is an individual difference which must be integrated in a multifactorial model explaining the consumption behaviour of psychoactive substances. Key words: alcohol, psychostimulant substances, diurnal rhythm, chronotype.

Note: Article Adan A, Univ Barcelona, Fac Psicol, Dept Psiquiatria & Psicobiol Clin, Passeig Vall Hebron 171, Barcelona 08035, SPAIN

Keyword(s): alcohol; psychostimulant substances; diurnal rhythm; chronotype; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EVENING TYPES; PERSONALITY; TIME; CAFFEINE; PERFORMANCE; ALERTNESS; BEHAVIOR; ALCOHOL; ETHANOL

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