Expectancy effects in memory for melodies

Journal/Book: Can J Exp Psychol. 1997; 51: 151 Slater St, Ste 205, Ottawa on K1P 5H3, Canada. Canadian Psychol Assoc. 292-306.

Abstract: Two experiments explored the relation between melodic expectancy and melodic memory. In Experiment 1, listeners rated the degree to which different endings confirmed their expectations for a set of melodies. After providing these expectancy ratings, listeners received a recognition memory test in which they discriminated previously heard melodies from new melodies. Recognition memory in this task positively correlated with perceived expectancy, and was related to the estimated tonal coherence of these melodies. Experiment 2 extended these results, demonstrating better recognition memory for high expectancy melodies, relative to medium and low expectancy melodies. This experiment also observed asymmetrical memory confusions as a function of perceived expectancy. These findings fit with a model of musical memory in which schematically central events are better remembered than schematically peripheral events.

Note: Article Schmuckler MA, Univ Toronto, Div Life Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, CANADA

Keyword(s): CONTEXT-DEPENDENT RECOGNITION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT; MUSICAL EXPECTANCY; ACTIVATION; FRAMEWORK; TIME; REPRESENTATION; PERCEPTION; CHORDS; MODEL

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