Shifting attention in multimedia: Stochastic roles, design principles and the SSF model

Journal/Book: Innov Educ Train Int. 1997; 34: 120 Pentonville Rd, London, England N1 9JN. Kogan Page Ltd. 174-187.

Abstract: This paper examines the research on design methods for shifting attention between visuals (for example, text, graphics or moving images) and auditory prompts (such as speech, music or effects) in multimedia environments. Stochastic design methods are most prevalent in the literature. Stochastic approaches reflect outdated bottleneck theories of human attention. Results using stochastic design methods have been mostly poor. Studies using the Structured Sound Function (SSF) model, however have shown good immediate results in student retention, and even better results following a latency period. The SSF model relies on the 'explicitness' and 'gist' requirements inherent in tasks and the interrelatedness of spatial and language representations. It is recommended that designs that incorporate gist and explicit requirements using the SSF model be applied developmentally, because as we get older we get better at extracting gist fi om sound than details from text.

Note: Review Mann BL, Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fac Educ, St Johns, NF A1B 3X8, CANADA

Keyword(s): COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; AUDIO; REFLECTIVENESS; INFORMATION; HYPERMEDIA; FEATURES; MEMORY

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