The human ecosystem .1. The human ecosystem as an organizing concept in ecosystem management

Author(s): Force, J. E., Burch, W. R.

Journal/Book: Soc Natur Resour. 1997; 10: 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007-1598. Taylor & Francis. 347-367.

Abstract: The organization and description of a comprehensive ecosystem model useful to ecosystem management is necessary. In this article, we propose the human ecosystem as an organizing concept for ecosystem management. First, we describe the history of the human ecosystem idea; both biological ecology and mainstream social theories provide useful guidance. Next we present the key elements of a human ecosystem model: critical resources (natural, socioeconomic, and cultural), social institutions, social cycles, and social order (identities, norms, and hierarchies). In each element, we (I) provide a general definition and description, (2) suggest ways that the variable can be measured, and (3) give selected examples of how it may influence other components of the human ecosystem. The article concludes with specific suggestions as to how the human ecosystem model can play an organizing role in ecosystem management.

Note: Article Machlis GE, Univ Idaho, Cooperat Pk Studies Unit, Dept Forest Resources, Natl Pk Serv, Moscow,ID 83844 USA

Keyword(s): ecosystem management; human ecology; human ecosystems; social theory

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