Cross-cultural differences in attributions for overcoming specific psychological problems

Author(s): Akande, A.

Journal/Book: J Soc Behav Pers. 1997; 12: PO Box 37, Corte Madera, CA 94976. Select Press. 727-742.

Abstract: This study was concerned with cross-cultural differences in lay beliefs about tile importance of 24 different contributors towards overcoming four disorders which comprise a primarily cognitive deficit. Previous cross-cultural studies have tended to examine mental illnesses like anorexia and schizophrenia. This study examined problems with more educational implications and how different groups saw them as being overcome. In this study, British (n = 107) and South African (n = 107) participants completed a questionnaire indicating how effective 24 factors were to overcoming four specific problems: dyslexia, fear of flying, amnesia, and learning difficulties. Factor analysis revealed almost identical clusters for each problem: these were labeled Inner Control, Physical Basis, Understanding, Receiving Help, and Social Consequences. The perceived effectiveness or relevance of these factors differed significantly between problems. Thus, Self-Reliance was seen as most relevant in overcoming fear of flying, while Professional Help was thought most relevant in overcoming amnesia by both cultural groups. There were numerous main effects for cultural group and perceived efficacy of the factors for overcoming the problems, as well as many significant interactions. The clinical relevance of studying attributions for cure is also considered; specifically whether attribution therapy is appropriate for people experiencing these particular defects.

Note: Article Furnham A, Univ Coll London, Dept Psychol, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1, ENGLAND

Keyword(s): LAY THEORIES; BELIEFS; DEPRESSION; ADDICTION; ILLNESS; CURE

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