Mini-mental state Examination (MMSE) and the modified MMSE (3MS): A psychometric comparison and normative data

Author(s): Mcdowell, I., Kristjansson, B., Hubley, A. M.

Journal/Book: Psychol Assessment. 1996; 8: 750 First St NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Amer Psychological Assoc. 48-59.

Abstract: The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE; M. F. Folstein, S. E. Folstein, & P. R. McHugh, 1975) and the Modified MMSE (E. L. Teng & H. C. Chui, 1981) were compared psychometrically. In this study, 525 community-dwelling participants, aged 65-89, were divided into 2 groups: no cognitive impairment (NCI; n = 406) and Alzheimer's disease (n = 119). Both tests yielded comparable reliability estimates. Fewer years of education decreased specificity and increased sensitivity, whereas increasing age primarily decreased specificity. It is concluded that although the 2 tests produce comparable effects, the inclusion of a verbal fluency test would increase the sensitivity of the MMSE. Normative data for the NCI group, stratified for 2 age levels (65-79 and 80-89) and 2 educational levels (0-8 and 9+ years),are presented.

Note: Article TN Tombaugh, Carleton Univ, Dept Psychol, 1125 Colonel by Dr, Ottawa, on K1S 5B6, Canada

Keyword(s): ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SEMANTIC MEMORY; SCREENING-TEST; DEMENTIA; EDUCATION

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