The development of a dummy head for 3-D audiovisual recording for transmitting telepresence

Author(s): Kawai, T., Takao, H.

Journal/Book: Ergonomics. 1996; 39: One Gundpowder Square, London, England EC4A 3DE. Taylor & Francis Ltd. 1381-1389.

Abstract: Manufacturing systems that employ modern technology often deprive workers of their humanity. One such example is seen in teleconferencing between remote plants. Here, it is difficult for participants to make eye-to-eye contact, a major obstacle in the communication of the participants' intentions and emotions. Indeed participants often complain that the facial expressions or emotions of the other side are difficult to perceive, that it is difficult to carry on a friendly, warm conversation, or that it is difficult to convey one's intentions to the other. They thus tend to become irritated during these conferences, and at times make erroneous judgements. In such situations, it can be said that the system users are being deprived of their humanity. This occurs because a machine or computer, when placed between two people communicating, interferes with a natural communication. What measures are there then to achieve a natural communication in such a setting, with a machine or computer between those communicating? These methods are classified here. In this study, a system for communicating 'presence' was employed to achieve a natural communication. The prototype system is called a 'dummy head for 3-D audiovisual recording'. Using this dummy head, dialogue between operators, remote control, as well as the recording of a skilled worker's use of his hands were carried out, and the results were evaluated. From these results, the authors report on how the prototype system, when placed between humans, helps to achieve a natural communication. Finally, some examples are given to show the human need for achieving a natural communication in such interface situations.

Note: Article K Noro, Waseda Univ, Sch Human Sci, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359, Japan

Keyword(s): interface; telepresence; virtual reality; dummy

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