Memory impairment in schizophrenia: Its' relationship to executive function

Author(s): Brown, R., Ron, M. A.

Journal/Book: Schizophr Res. 1996; 21: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Elsevier Science BV. 85-96.

Abstract: The presence of memory impairment in schizophrenia has frequently been documented but much less attention has been given to the qualitative aspects of this impairment and its association to executive function. Using a cognitive-process approach, we examined memory and executive function in 25 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia. Patients were matched with 25 healthy volunteers. The schizophrenic group was found to have a significant impairment in immediate memory, with relatively spared long-delay memory. Performance on verbal learning and recognition memory was similar to that of controls. Memory deficits were present irrespective of the encoding strategies used and were unrelated to chronicity. In addition, the schizophrenics performed worse than controls on tests of executive function, but the degree of impairment was greater on tests of response initiation and suppression. This pattern of performance resembled that found in patients with subcortical or frontal lesions which was supported by some significant correlations between aspects of memory and executive function. Our results suggest that in schizophrenia, specific executive functions may make a selective contribution to the pattern of memory performance in schizophrenia which is subserved by frontal and to a lesser extent hippocampal/diencephalic systems.

Note: Article MA Ron, Inst Neurol, Dept Clin Neurol, Queen Sq, London WC1N 3BG, England

Keyword(s): memory impairment; executive function; CARD SORTING TEST; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; NEUROLEPTIC-NAIVE PATIENTS; AUDITORY-VERBAL MEMORY; FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES; COGNITIVE ACTIVATION; TEST-PERFORMANCE; IN-VIVO

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