Multimodal psychiatric music therapy for adults, adolescents, and children : a clinical manual

Author(s): Cassity, Julia E.

Abstract: I. ADULTS A. Behavior 1. Lack of assertiveness 2. Lack of attention span 3. Lack of awareness of personal space/boundaries 4. Poor eye contact 5. Demanding and intrusive (overly assertive) 6. Passive dependent or passive aggressive communication 7. Lacks self-control; loses temper 8. Assaultive behavior 9. Inappropriate channeling of creativity 10. Rocks while seated 11. Excessive complaining 12. Exhibits general perseverative behaviors 13. Restlessness; akathisia 14 . Intolerance of younger age groups of patients B. Affect 1. Inability to verbally or nonverbally express or identify feelings or emotions in self or others; flat or inappropriate affect 2. Exhibits emotional detachment regarding life situations 3. Becomes angry when coping with frustration 4 . Exhibits hyperactive or manic behavior 5. Depressive; decreased energy; pessimistic about future 6. Severe depression; suicidal ideation 7. Anxiety 8. Impulsive emotional outbursts; lacks impulse control 9. Panic attack 10. Angry, emotional outbursts; intermittent explosive disorder 11. Feels Òout of controlÓ when listening to certain songs 12. Difficulty identifying perceived unacceptable or suppressed feelings 13. Experience anger when attention is given to other clients 14. Expresses affect inappropriate to a particular emotion 15. Intellectualizes feelings 16. Inability or unwillingness to empathize with others 17. Alternates between manic and depressive episodes; bipolar 18. Difficulty relating to staff that is the same sex as the abuser 19. Feelings of rage and resentment toward mother C. Sensory 1. Preoccupation with internal thoughts; hallucinations 2. Difficulty coping with stress and tension D. Imagery 1. Difficulty envisioning a pleasant place during relaxation 2. Difficulty focusing on pleasant place for 10 to 15 minutes 3. Distorted body image (associated with eating disorder) E. Cognitive Low self esteem; low opinion of self; negative self statements 2. Delusional; paranoid ideation; does not trust peers 3. Lacks problem solving skills 4. Disoriented; lacks reality orientation; loose associations 5. Poor short/long term memory skills 6. Poor decision-making skills 7. Denies having problems 8. Does not accept responsibility for change 9. Gives up easily when solving problems 10. Difficulty following directions 11. Unaware of the purpose or need for hospitalization 12. Difficulty coping with the reality of hospitalization 13. Denies others have similar problems 14 . Has difficulties in verbal psychotherapy 15. Delusions of grandeur 16. Poor judgment; difficulty assessing social situations 17. Lack of self-awareness 18. Difficulty setting goals 19. Misinterprets messages/communications 20. Feelings of helplessness 21. Inability to structure time 22. Inability to relate to metaphor 23. Lacks concept of a healthy heterosexual relationship F. Interpersonal Ð Socialization (Includes Leisure Skills) 1. Reclusive; withdrawn; isolative behavior 2. Does not appropriately utilize leisure time 3. Uncooperative behavior with others 4 .Lack of interest and motivation to use leisure time 5. Experiences difficulty bonding with others 6. Experiences difficulty with the sharing of personal data 7. Difficulty involving self in community group 8. Does not sit with group 9. Inappropriate relationships with opposite sex 10. Self centeredness 11. Undesirable statements about others; ÒlonerÓ 12. Wears clothing inappropriate for the occasion 13. Egocentric, childish behavior 14. Inappropriate verbalization in social setting 5. Attention seeking 16. Poor group leadership and organizational skills 17. Frequents barrooms during leisure time 18. Demonstrates lack of awareness of others 19. Difficulty learning names of long term relationships 20. Difficulty tolerating small groups 21. Inappropriate relationships with the opposite sex 22. Aggressive and manipulative 23. Lacks knowledge of how to have nondestructive fun 24 . Exhibits inappropriate behavior at community events 25. Argues frequently with authority figures 26. Interacts with staff but not with peers 27. Impatience and intolerance with peers 28. Excessive working; lack of leisure 29. Excessive stress associated with leisure activity 30. Withdrawn and passive during one-to-one sessions 31. Stays in bed all day; avoids socialization 32. Will not attend group G. Drugs (includes 1.0 Substance Use or Abuse and Medications; 2.0 Physical Well Being; 3.0 Physical Communication Problems) 1.1 Abuses substances during leisure time 1.2 Denies having a substance abuse problem 1.3 Attributes substance abuse to life stress 1.4 Lacks awareness of the progression of substance abuse 1.5 Reluctant to discuss substance abuse and treatment issues 1.6 Manipulates environment to get own way 1.7 Inability to identify coping mechanisms 1.8 Mourns loss of drug habit 2.1 Absence of daily exercise routine; poor muscle tone 2.2 Poor personal hygiene 2.3 Insomnia 2.4 Lack of neuromuscular endurance in upper extremities 2.5 Poor gross and fine motor coordination 2.6 Sensory integrative functioning 2.7 Sensorimotor functioning 2.8 Lack of diaphragmatic control 3.1 Does not communicate clearly; poor articulation 3.2 Poor nonverbal communication 3.3 Uses one-word sentences 3.4 Exhibits pressured speech 3.5 Makes irrelevant comments about topic of group discussion 3.6 Poor breath support 3.7 Speaks too softly to be heard Code

Note: Features:¥ 200 patient problems most frequently treated using music therapy ¥ 800 music therapy interventions categorized according to type of patient problem ¥ 354 interventions for use in music assessment ¥ Psychiatric music therapy intake assessment questionnaires for adults, adolescents and children ¥ Individualized clinical forms for Ð writing multimodal music therapy profiles Ð writing goals and objectives Ð writing music therapy intervention plans Ð writing music therapy implementation strategies Ð measuring and charting patient progress Ð writing progress reports ¥ Case studies utilizing the above clinical forms ¥ Hypothetical cases for practice in using the clinical forms A complete guide to establishing an accountable psychiatric music therapy program, the manual is indexed according to chronological age, sex, and degree of illness of patients. ÒWith the enormous amount of current and relevant information it contains, this manual should have usefulness to clinicians, interns, students, educators, and researchers who work with persons with psychiatric needs. As such, it is a valuable contribution to the profession.Ó ñRobert Krout, Music Therapy Perspectives, Vol. 14 No. 2, 1996

Keyword(s): Music therapy Handbooks, manuals, etc.

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