J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1990 Jun; 13(5): 243-6.

Normal paraspinal tissue compliance: the reliability of a new clinical and experimental instrument.

Jansen RD, Nansel DD, Slosberg M.

Research Department, Palmer College of Chiropractic-West, Sunnyvale, CA 94087.

Test-retest reliability of a hand-held tissue compliance meter was evaluated in 20 normal subjects at four paraspinal locations to determine possible effects of probe response or other sources of variability on measurements taken 10 min later at exactly the same location. If tissue compliance, as measured by this instrument, is to be used in a pre-post context to evaluate treatment effects, caution is urged, since 26% of the sites were significantly (+/- 1.96 SD) different on 10 min retest though subjects remained supine and without intervention. In addition, since 85% of these normal subjects displayed at least one paraspinal compliance asymmetry large enough to qualify as pathological by Fischer's criteria, revision of these criteria may be appropriate, at least for these paraspinal locations.