Heart Dis. 2001 Jul-Aug; 3(4): 236-41.

Alternative approaches to the medical management of angina pectoris: acupuncture, electrical nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation.

Bueno EA, Mamtani R, Frishman WH.

Department of Anesthesiology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Complementary or alternative modalities of medical treatment have been gaining attention as primary or supplementary therapies in cardiovascular disease pain management. However, definitive research in these areas has been limited by the inability to perform placebo-controlled trials when evaluating these treatments. Preliminary studies have suggested a possible benefit from acupuncture, electrical nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery disease.