Introduction to alcohol withdrawal

Journal/Book: Alcohol Health Res World. 1998; 22: 6000 Executive Blvd, Rockville, MD 20892-7003, USA. Natl Inst Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism. 5-12.

Abstract: Heavy drinkers who suddenly decrease their alcohol consumption or abstain completely may experience alcohol withdrawal (AW). Signs and symptoms of AW can include, among others, mild to moderate tremors, irritability, anxiety, or agitation. The most severe manifestations of withdrawal include delirium tremens, hallucinations, and seizures. These manifestations result from alcohol-induced imbalances in the brain chemistry that cause excessive neuronal activity if the alcohol is withheld. Management of AW includes thorough assessment of the severity of the patient's symptoms and of any complicating conditions as wed as treatment of the withdrawal symptoms with pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. Treatment can occur in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Recognition and treatment of withdrawal can represent a first step in the patient's recovery process.

Note: Editorial Saitz R, Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Clin Addict Res & Educ Unit, Sect Gen Internal Med, Boston,MA 02215 USA

Keyword(s): AOD withdrawal syndrome; biochemical mechanism; neurotransmission; neurotransmitter receptors; central nervous system; symptom; tremor; anxiety state; delirium tremens; AODR (alcohol and other drug related) hallucinosis; AODR seizure; AOD abstinence; disease severity; patient assessment; treatment method; alcohol withdrawal agents; drug therapy; detoxification; addiction care; literature review; DETOXIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; INPATIENT; SCALE

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