Acupuncture: Ancient Chinese and Modern Western.A Comparative Inquiry

Author(s): LIAO, S.

Abstract: Acupuncture (and traditional Chinese medicine) is based on philosophico-alchemic theories. The yin/yang theory holds that the universe consists of two opposing forces that complement and supplement each other, resonate harmoniously and are in constant balance. This is the earliest beginning of binary theory. Man is considered a miniature of the universe, and yin and yang in the body are maintained in balance for a healthy state. A disturbance of this balance would result in sickness, comparable to Cannon's concept of homeostasis in Western medicine. Qi is the essence or elixir of life, and circulates regularly along the channels (meridians) in the body. Obstruction of the flow of Qi results in illness and pain. Acupuncture is said to restore this flow as well as the balance of yin and yang. Ancient Chinese astronomers associated the appearance of one of the five orbiting planets with prevalence of certain diseases. They formulated and expanded these astronomical observations into five Xing (element) Theory in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as other aspects of philosophy. At one time they attempted to quantify medical management-a rudimentary effort of computerization of medicine. The ancients also noticed seasonal changes in the prevalence of diseases as well as diurnal variations of bodily functions. They formulated Ziwu Liuzhu (Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow) theory to account for such phenomena, an early form of chronobiology. The various techniques of needling are thought to generate therapeutic effects according to the frequency and intensity of stimulation, possibly exerting the release of neurochemicals and, thus, causing some effect on neuromodulation.

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