The Effects of Neurofeedback Training with Background Music on EEG Patterns of ADD and ADHD Children

Author(s): Abel, H. -H., Skidmore, J.

Journal/Book: International Journal of Arts Medicine. 1995; 4:

Abstract: Nineteen subjects, ages 6Ð17, with a primary diagnosis classified as either ADD or ADHD, received 39 neurofeedback training sessions on a schedule of three sessions per week. The subjects in the experimental group had background music played at 65 dB SPL during training sessions, while the subjects in the control group had no music during their training sessions. Differences in pre- and posttest ratios of theta and beta were not significant. Overall behavioral reports showed that the subjects with ADD performed better than the subjects with ADHD. Of the ADD subjects, those who had background music during training had higher reported improvement in focus behavior than those who did not have music, although ADD subjects without music had somewhat higher reported behavior scores in diminished impulsivity, improved social skills, and moods control. Of all subjects who improved on all four behaviors, 70% have maintained that improvement 6 months after the end of the study (without any booster sessions). The data suggest that the role of background music during neurofeedback training sessions should be investigated more closely.

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